低速边棱音的振动特征

边棱音是一种复杂的流体动力学现象,通过数值模拟研究边棱音发声系统在射流不稳定情况下的发声特性。研究了射流速度低于湍流速度的不同流速下,簧片尖端以及两侧的旋涡、压力、速度的分布和压力特性。模拟结果显示:射流具有明显的抖动特性,在簧片两侧形成涡街、压力交替分布,基于出现的现象,初步探讨了簧片振动产生边棱音的机理。     

含孔隙复合材料超声衰减分析的细观有限元模型

基于DIGIMAT/FE建立含孔隙复合材料细观模型,模型涵盖纤维、树脂和孔隙三相,有效反映了复合材料真实的微结构和细观材料属性,结合通用的ABAQUS/EXPLICIT对细观模型施加超声波激励。通过提取超声波在材料内传播云图,建立了单向连续纤维增强复合材料超声衰减和孔隙率的关系。以T800/环氧树脂复合材料体系为例,研究孔隙尺寸对超声衰减系数模拟结果的影响,并将数值模拟结果与解析模型得到的经验关系进行对比,验证了模型的有效性。该方法能够有效地指导实验过程,为降低复合材料孔隙率、提高其性能提供理论依据。     

展向剪切流作用下斜置圆柱气动特性研究

采用大涡模拟方法,研究斜置圆柱在展向剪切流作用下的气动性能。研究了不同剪切流强度对斜置圆柱的表面风压、Strouhal数、气动力时程及其功率谱、气动力展向相关性等气动性能的影响,并探讨了剪切流对斜圆柱气动性能的作用机理。结果表明:在均匀流作用下,斜置圆柱尾流区会产生强烈的轴向流,卡门涡脱强度大大减弱;展向剪切流对斜置圆柱的表面风压和气动力等气动性能有较大影响;展向剪切流会破坏轴向流在斜置圆柱尾流区的形成,并且当剪切流的剪切系数足够大时,可完全阻止轴向流的出现,从而减弱或消除了抑制卡门涡脱的因素,恢复了斜置圆柱的卡门涡脱强度。     

喷射方法对尾流旋涡脱落的抑制

采用数值模拟的方法研究了尾部喷射对波动来流绕圆柱流动旋涡脱落的抑制,进而研究圆柱尾流控制机理.研究流场的无量纲波频范围为0².8,来流波动的无量纲幅值为0.2,雷诺数=200.在圆柱尾部沿圆柱母线开宽度为0.04倍柱体直径的缝隙,从缝隙中射出流体对尾流进行抑制,寻找可有效抑制旋涡脱落的喷射速度范围,进而求出雷诺数=200,无量纲振幅为0.2时有效抑制范围.当喷射速度在一定范围内时,可有效抑制旋涡脱落,并且随着无量纲频率的增大,有效抑制范围逐步减小.     

Three-dimensional vortex wake structure of flapping wings in hovering flight

Flapping wings continuously create and send vortices into their wake, while imparting downward momentum into the surrounding fluid. However, experimental studies concerning the details of the three-dimensional vorticity distribution and evolution in the far wake are limited. In this study, the three-dimensional vortex wake structure in both the near and far field of a dynamically scaled flapping wing was investigated experimentally, using volumetric three-component velocimetry. A single wing, with shape and kinematics similar to those of a fruitfly, was examined. The overall result of the wing action is to create an integrated vortex structure consisting of a tip vortex (TV), trailing-edge shear layer (TESL) and leading-edge vortex. The TESL rolls up into a root vortex (RV) as it is shed from the wing, and together with the TV, contracts radially and stretches tangentially in the downstream wake. The downwash is distributed in an arc-shaped region enclosed by the stretched tangential vorticity of the TVs and the RVs. A closed vortex ring structure is not observed in the current study owing to the lack of well-established starting and stopping vortex structures that smoothly connect the TV and RV. An evaluation of the vorticity transport equation shows that both the TV and the RV undergo vortex stretching while convecting downwards: a three-dimensional phenomenon in rotating flows. It also confirms that convection and secondary tilting and stretching effects dominate the evolution of vorticity.     

Experimental investigation on flow improvement in compressor cascades

There is no general rule in the literature to help choose a correct flow control device for any given case of turbomachinery applications. This suggests individual optimization of flow control devices for each specific case. The objective of this study is to prove experimentally the benefits of passive control methods in improving the compressor performance. This allows to reduce the fuel consumption, leading to energy saving and reduction of atmospheric pollution. Two features have been controlled in this study: flow separation over the blade surfaces and the secondary flow over the cascade endwalls. Vortex generator ribs are tested on the blade suction side for flow reattachment on the blade surfaces, and low‐profile vortex generators are tested on the side walls of the compressor cascade against secondary flow losses. Different vortex generator designs are compared for total pressure recovery, flow turning, boundary layer characteristics, and pressure distributions over the endwalls. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geometric parameters and response surface methodology on cooling performance of vortex tubes

This research has investigated the effect of certain geometric parameters on cooling performance of three vortex tubes. The influencing parameters include three length/diameter ratios L/D?=?10, 25, 40, three nozzle cases and each case with number n?=?2, 4, 6 nozzles, three cold orifice/diameter ratios β?=?0.389, 0.5, 0.611 and three inlet pressures P_i?=?2, 2.5 and 3?bar. The experiments are conducted based on three factors, two-level and central composite face-centred design with full factorial. The results are analysed according to the principle of response surface methodology. The goodness of fit of the regression model is inspected using the analysis of variance and F-ratio test. The values of R² and R²-adjusted are close to 100% which show a very good correlation between the observed and predicted values. The results show that the effect of number of nozzles on the energy separation depends on the L/D values.     

Fluid Dynamics of Vortex Formation in Tundish Operations: Mathematical Modelling

A mathematical model was developed to study the significance of the fluid dynamics of vortex formation in tundish operations. The aim is to contribute to the fundamental understanding of vortex formation and related phenomena. For this purpose a typical slab tundish was employed; the mathematical model was solved using FLUENT® commercial software capable to simulate highly turbulent flows. The well known k‐? turbulence model was applied to compute this effect in the process. The mathematical simulations confirmed the results from a water analogue model. The vortex formation is directly related to the highly turbulent flows present in the reactor. Great changes in velocity fields during short times and large distances between the upper edge of the dam and the free surface of the bath enhance the formation of vortex flows.     

堆内构件防断支承组件流致振动分析

堆内构件下部防断支承组件是反应堆堆内构件中堆芯下部支承结构的一个重要组成部分，它位于堆芯吊篮组件的下面，并处于堆内流场中复杂的流体交混区，为保持防断组件的结构完整性，必须对其进行流致振动分析。本文以某300MWe反应堆堆内构件防断组件为研究对象，研究了随机湍动力、拟静态湍动力、旋涡脱落、吊篮运动等流体激励机理对防断组件流致振动的影响。用SRSS法对各激励机理作用下防断组件的各阶动态反应进行组合后，计算了由于流致振动引起的结构动态载荷，为防断组件的应力分析与评定提供了依据。